共享时间开放平面幼儿园未来学前教育建筑的提(2)
Timeshare: Open Plan Kindergarten Principles
Timeshare kindergarten principle primarily focuses on increasing social interaction among kids,their access to diverse didactical materials, peer to peer learning and informal education as well as selflearning for at least part of the day. It is a creation of a learning environment where kids can share all available spaces at the same time, all the time or just part of the time and they can pick the activities by their choice. Such approach makes their kindergarten less institutional while at the same time traditional educational curriculum profits from it. As a side effect the active area accessible and used is up to three times higher than in traditional kindergarten. The monitoring in the Podgorje Timeshare Kindergarten gave amazing results in comparison to other facilities within the same municipality. Monitoring the kids show above average results in several fields from learning to physical development. Kids in Podgorje Timeshare kindergarten on average did seven times more active counting into account walking, riding a bike and other activities, had up to four times more encounters with other kids which is strengthening their IQ and EQ while they also had on average more interaction with staff and had up to three times more experiences with different activities due to the open character of the design and open door policy in time share kindergartens.
4 波德戈列幼儿园中一位选定孩子的运动和活动的示意/Scheme showing the movement of a selected child and the activities in Podgorje Kindergarten(尤雷·科特尼克供图/Courtesy of Jure Kotnik)
The design of such facility is a vital step of any timeshare kindergarten; architects and designers need to focus on diverse and didactically rich environment that encourage kids to move freely and with interest among the playrooms, central spaces and other play areas. Architects or interior designers of the new timeshare facilities should focus on creating diverse thematic environments in the playrooms and choose such furniture that maximises kid's free access. This means kids can use it on their own initiative. The design should be done in a way that enables contacts among spaces, as sliding doors among playrooms or folding or slide doors between specialised playrooms(gym, theatre, music rooms) in order to open them and naturally invite kids to use the space. Designers should pick diverse as possible didactical materials and equipment while also using mobile furniture and mobile equipment that can fast (and efficiently)change the use of the spaces inside the preschool building. All these principles allow children to meet more other kids, which adds to peer to peer learning,they have interaction with more staff (also outside their base group). By moving around the building they have more physical activity, diverse environment encourages into self-learning and pursuing their own interests while overall the space use is much higher than in traditional kindergarten as traditional poorly used spaces such as corridors, wardrobes even stairs are converted into learning and play good news is that timeshare approach can inexpensively be done in existing buildings as well,while with the new ones, designed especially for this purpose, the effect can be much greater.
这种设施的设计是任何共享时间幼儿园的关键步骤;建筑师和设计师需要聚焦在多样化、教学形式丰富的环境上,以此鼓励孩子们在游乐室、中心空间和其他游乐场地自由的运动中培养兴趣。新共享时间设施的建筑师或室内设计师应当关注的是创造游乐室中多样化的主题环境,并选择最能让孩子们自由使用的家具。这就意味着孩子们可以根据自己的意愿去使用。设计应当满足各个空间的连接,比如游乐室之间的推拉门或者专门的活动室(体育室、小剧场、音乐室)之间的推拉门或折叠门,它们在打开后会自然地引导孩子们去使用这些空间。设计师应当选择尽可能多样化的教学材料和器材,同时使用可移动的家具和器材,以便快速(且有效地)改变学前教育建筑内各种空间的使用功能。所有这些原则都会让孩子们与更多的孩子交往,从而促进点对点的学习,并与更多的教工交流(在他们的基本小组之外)。通过在建筑内来回运动,他们会有更多的体育活动,多样化的环境会鼓励自学,并追求自己的兴趣。总体上看,空间的使用要比传统的幼儿园高得多,因为在传统上使用不足的走廊、衣橱、甚至楼梯等空间,都被改造成学习和游乐的环境。一个优势在于,共享时间的模式也可以在现有建筑中找到廉价的实施方法。但在专门为这个目的设计的新建筑中,这种效果会更为突出。
案例研究1:第一个共享时间幼儿园,什马特诺
最早的共享时间项目之一建在斯洛文尼亚小镇什马特诺。什马特诺共享时间幼儿园的孩子平均每天至少有2~3个小时可以自由选择活动和玩伴。这就让他们能和其他小组的同学融在一起,并认识其他组的大朋友、小朋友和老师。室内设计采用了处处不同、人人可选的理念:每个房间都有不同的游乐器材和学习环境,而不是所有游乐室都一样。有些游乐室更侧重科学,有些器材更倾向于音乐和艺术,或是体育,或者就是游乐。共有超过65个活动角可供孩子们自由选择。共享时间的方法给了孩子们根据自己的兴趣调整时间表的机会,并提供了比传统幼儿园更多的游乐和学习活动。社会交往的次数增加了,这对培养青少年的社交技能、情商和智商是有益的。大部分家具都有轮子,能够实现快速有效的变化和幼儿园内不同的空间配置。各种主题活动角、大量黑板、各类体育器材以及便捷的使用条件会培养孩子们活泼的性格,去发现和追求自己的爱好。这是孩子们喜欢的,教师也喜欢。他们经过简短的培训,能最充分地利用幼儿园的特殊设计和共享时间原则,并且为教学结果和工作条件激动不已。
文章来源:《学前教育研究》 网址: http://www.xqjyyjzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0514/754.html